By Nadine Lueras-Tramma
September 15, 2011
A recent study suggests that our social connections inspire altruism
We all know that it feels good to feel connected to other people---indeed, research has even linked social connections to happiness, health, and a longer life.
But a recent study suggests that our feelings of connection don't just make us feel good; they also make us do good.
In the study, researchers tried a few different ways of making people feel connected to others, testing to see whether such feelings of "relatedness" motivated those people to perform kind, helpful---or "pro-social"---acts. Prior research has suggested that this sense of connection is one of three ingredients people need to really thrive in life: the other two are feeling capable of achieving their goals (known as "competence") and feeling in control of their own actions and decisions (known as "autonomy").
In one experiement, the researchers had participants read words associated with social connection (e.g., community, connected, relationship), then asked them how much they intended to volunteer for a charity. The results show that people were more willing to volunteer for a charity after reading those words than they were after reading a series of other, neutral words (e.g., book, lamp, shoe).
They were also more likely to want to volunteer after reading the social connection words than after reading words that evoked autonomy (e.g., freedom, choice, preference) or competence (e.g., skilled, expert, competent).
A second experiment suggests that these positive effects go well beyond volunteering. The researchers had participants write about a time that they felt a close bond with someone else, bringing to mind that feeling of connection. Then they asked how willing the participants were to perform five pro-social actions over the coming weeks, including giving money to charity and going out of their way to help a stranger in need.
Just thinking about their close connection boosted people's altruistic impulses: After writing about their relationship, they showed a stronger desire to help others than they did after writing about feeling competent, autonomous, or just after answering some banal questions (e.g., "I think that the color blue looks great on most people.")
And it seems like those feelings of connection do more than encourage good intentions; they also spur positive actions. In a third and final experiment, participants either read words evoking social connection or read neutral words, just like in the first experiment. Afterward, they were given the chance to anonymously donate some of the money they earned for participating in the study to the British Red Cross, which they were told was working with the researchers.
Nearly half of the participants who had been reminded of their social connections donated to the Red Cross, whereas fewer than 20 percent of the other participants did.
Although previous studies have suggested a link between altruism and feelings of relatedness, this study is the first to find that inducing those feelings can directly cause people to be kinder and more generous.
According to the researchers, their findings highlight the basic human need for belonging. In their paper, published in the Personality an dSocial Psychology Bulletin, they point to other research showing that feeling socially connected reduces aggression, whereas feeling excluded increases aggression and reduces pro-social behaviors.
Taken together, they argue, these findings suggest that helping people connect with others doesn't only benefit their own health and well-being but could benefit society as a whole. They call for more research to explore precisely how fostering social connections can boost pro-social behavior.
"Such research could promote simultaneously individual welfare and the welfare of others," they write, "in a way that would challenge the assumption that there is some kind of conflict between the two."
Read article on Greater Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life
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Referenced Article:
Highlighting Relatedness Promotes Prosocial Motives and Behavior
Louisa Pavey
Tobias Greitemeyer
Paul Sparks
Louisa Pavey
Tobias Greitemeyer
Paul Sparks
ABSTRACT: According to self-determination theory, people have three basic psychological needs: relatedness, competence, and autonomy. Of these, the authors reasoned that relatedness need satisfaction is particularly important for promoting prosocial behavior because of the increased sense of connectedness to others that this engenders. In Experiment 1, the authors manipulated relatedness, autonomy, competence, or gave participants a neutral task, and found that highlighting relatedness led to higher interest in volunteering and intentions to volunteer relative to the other conditions. Experiment 2 found that writing about relatedness experiences promoted feelings of connectedness to others, which in turn predicted greater prosocial intentions. Experiment 3 found that relatedness manipulation participants donated significantly more money to charity than did participants given a neutral task. The results suggest that highlighting relatedness increases engagement in prosocial activities and are discussed in relation to the conflict and compatibility between individual and social outcomes.
